Optimization of gasoline compression ignition combustion with ozone addition and two-stage direct-injection at middle loads

Ozone (O 3 ) was introduced into the intake air to control ignition in a gasoline compression (GCI) engine. An early fuel injection at ?68 °CA ATDC adopted mix with reactive O-radicals decomposed from O , before reduction of due their recombination would take place. The second implemented near top dead center optimize profile heat release rate. engine experiments were performed around indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) 0.67 MPa primary reference fuel, octane number 90 (PRF90), maintaining 15% oxygen concentration EGR. quantity first injection, timing as well ozone changed experimental parameters. results showed that GCI operation addition makes it possible reduce maximum rise rate while attaining high thermal efficiency, compared without ozone. Appropriate combinations and achieve low smoke NO x emissions. Further, ozone-assisted conventional diesel operation. efficiency combustion is slightly lower than combustion, but assisted highly advantageous